THE HAGUE, Netherlands — Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte participated in a hearing before the International Criminal Court (ICC) via videolink on March 14, 2025, as he faces charges of crimes against humanity stemming from his aggressive anti-drug campaign, which is alleged to have led to the deaths of thousands.

This appearance marks a significant moment, as Duterte becomes the first former Asian head of state to be charged at the ICC.

As the 79-year-old Duterte navigates legal challenges, he is also poised for a political comeback in Davao City, where preliminary election results indicate a strong support for his candidacy in the mayoral race.

Should he be proclaimed the winner, this would mark Duterte's eighth term in the city's leadership, continuing a political dynasty that has been in place for several generations.

Kristina Conti, assistant to the counsel at the ICC representing victims of the drug war, dismissed claims that Duterte's electoral victory serves as a public endorsement of his actions.

She stated, 'Elections do not erase nor forgive crimes against humanity' and emphasized that the citizens of Davao City cannot represent the victims of Duterte’s controversial policies nationwide.

Duterte’s legal team argues that the electoral outcome reflects a mandate from the Davao populace.

Attorney Nicholas Kaufman described the election results as indicative of 'overwhelming support' for Duterte, presenting it as a rebuff against the current administration’s effort to diminish his legacy.

Despite the political developments, Duterte's legal situation remains unchanged.

He was arrested on March 11, 2025, after Philippine authorities acted on an Interpol alert.

The Commission on Elections has stated that the legality of his election would not be affected by his detention.

While Duterte’s return to the mayoral office looms, concerns have been raised about governance during his potential absence.

Conti pointed out that electing a leader who may not be able to carry out their duties reflects significant issues within governance structures and public understanding of political processes.

Public sentiment regarding Duterte’s previous administration remains complex.

Recent surveys have shown that a majority of Filipinos support a thorough investigation into his drug war policies.

A noncommissioned survey conducted by WR Numero indicated that approximately 60 percent of respondents believe it is important for Duterte to face the ICC proceedings, while another survey before his detention also highlighted a lack of public approval towards his methods during the drug war.

As legal proceedings continue, the role of the Department of the Interior and Local Government will be crucial in deciding the interim governance in Davao City while Duterte remains at the ICC.

The unfolding of these events poses significant implications for both Philippine politics and international law.